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Nitrogen dioxide poisoning is the illness resulting from the toxic effect of nitrogen dioxide. It usually occurs after the inhalation of the gas beyond the threshold limit value. Nitrogen dioxide is reddish-brown with very a sharp, harsh smell at high concentrations. It is colourless and odourless at lower concentration but yet harmful. Nitrogen dioxide poisoning depends on the duration, frequency and intensity of exposure. Nitrogen dioxide is an irritant of the mucous membrane linked with other air pollutant that causes pulmonary diseases such as OLD, asthma, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and sometimes Acute exacerbation of COPD and in fatal cases, deaths.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Nitrogen dioxide )〕 Its poor solubility in water enhances its passage and its ability to pass through the moist oral mucosa of the respiratory tract. Like most toxic gases, the dose inhaled determines the toxicity on the respiratory tract. Occupational exposures constitute the highest risk of toxicity and domestic exposure is uncommon. Prolonged exposure to low concentration of the gas may have lethal effects, as can short-term exposure to high concentrations like Chlorine gas poisoning. It is one of the major air pollutant capable of causing severe heath hazards such as Coronary artery disease as well as Stroke.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Indoor Air )〕 Nitrogen dioxide is often released into the environment as a byproduct of fuel combustion but rarely released by Spontaneous combustion. Known sources of Nitrogen dioxide poisoning includes automobile exhaust, Power stations, The toxicity may also results from non-combustible sources such as the one released from anaerobic fermentation of food grains and Anaerobic digestion of Biodegradable waste. The WHO (World Health Organization developed a global recommendation limiting exposures less than 20 part per billion for chronic exposure and value less 100ppb for one hour for acute exposure, using Nitrogen dioxide as a marker for other pollutant from fuel combustions.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Nitrogen dioxide - WHO Guidelines for Indoor Air Quality: Selected )〕 The standardss also based on the concentration of Nitrogen dioxide that show a significant and profound effects on the function of the pulmonary of asthmatic patients. Historically, some states in the U.S including Chicago and L.A have high levels of Nitrogen dioxide but the EPA set a standard values less than 100 ppb for one hour exposure and less than 53 ppb for chronic exposure.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Nitrogen oxides limits: Chicago would fail to meet Obama's tougher )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Nitrogen Dioxide )〕 ==Signs and symptoms== Nitrogen dioxide gas poisoning only causes severe damage to the pulmonary artery and respiratory tract. Nitrogen dioxide poisoning is not harmful to all forms of life just like chlorine gas and carbon monoxide. It is easily absorbed through the lungs and its inhalation result in heart failure and sometimes death in severe and fatal cases.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) (database ). Nitrogen dioxide. )〕 Individual and races may differ in Nitrogen dioxide tolerance level and individual tolerance level for the gas may be altered by several factors, such as metabolic rate, barometric pressure and hematological disorders but significant exposure may result in fatal conditions that could lead to shorter life span due to heart failure. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Nitrogen dioxide poisoning」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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